The Parthenon: The Story Behind the Symbol of Athens
The Parthenon is an ancient temple dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens. Standing on the Acropolis, the ancient citadel on a limestone hill above the city, it remains one of the best-known symbols of Athens. Understanding its story adds a deeper meaning to every visit.
A Temple Dedicated to Athena
The Parthenon stands on the Acropolis, overlooking Athens from its limestone hill. It was built as a temple dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of the city.
Construction began in 447 BC under the Athenian statesman Pericles as part of a major rebuilding programme following the Greco-Persian Wars.
The project was designed by the architects Ictinus and Callicrates, while the sculptor Phidias supervised the sculptural decoration. The main structure was largely completed by 438 BC, with work on its decoration continuing until around 432 BC.
Inside the temple stood a large gold-and-ivory statue of Athena, created by Phidias. For a time, the building also served as a treasury associated with the Delian League and the Athenian empire.
A Remarkable Achievement in Architecture
The Parthenon was built from Pentelic marble, quarried from Mount Pentelicus, roughly 10 miles (about 16 km) from Athens.
It is a Doric-order temple with some Ionic elements, featuring 8 columns on each end and 17 along each side.
Its builders also introduced subtle architectural refinements. The columns lean slightly inward and swell gently near the middle, a technique known as entasis, while the base curves upward. Together, these carefully planned features contribute to the building's balanced appearance and demonstrate the extraordinary precision of its design.
A Monument That Survived Centuries of Change
The Parthenon has witnessed many chapters of history.
Over the centuries, it was converted into a Christian church and later into a mosque under Ottoman rule.
In 1687, a Venetian bombardment ignited Ottoman munitions stored inside, causing severe damage to the building. Even after this destruction, the Parthenon has remained standing at the heart of one of Athens' best-known ancient sites.
Today, the Acropolis is one of Athens' best-known ancient sites, welcoming visitors who wish to experience one of history's most remarkable architectural achievements.
Visiting the Parthenon
A visit to the Parthenon is more than an opportunity to admire an ancient building. It is a chance to experience a place where architecture, craftsmanship and centuries of history come together in a single monument.
During their stay, Athens Urban Vibes guests can include the Acropolis and its ancient monuments as part of their exploration of Athens, discovering the stories that have shaped the city for centuries.
To continue planning your trip, explore our Top 10 Athens Attractions guide.